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Mechanisms and impacts of chromosomal translocations in cancers
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期 页码 263-274 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0215-5
Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago. Chromosomal translocations, a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromosomes, have made a critical impact on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. For example, the discovery of translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the subsequent success of targeting the fusion product BCR-ABL transformed the therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia. In the past few decades, tremendous progress has been achieved towards elucidating the mechanism causing chromosomal translocations. This review focuses on the basic mechanisms underlying the generation of chromosomal translocations. In particular, the contribution of frequency of DNA double strand breaks and spatial proximity of translocating loci is discussed.
关键词: DNA double strand breaks chromosomal translocations genomic instability spatial proximity carcinogenesis
Tumor growth and metastasis can be inhibited by maintaining genomic stability in cancer cells
null
《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 57-62 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0389-8
The existence of cancer stem cells, stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs), or tumor-initiating cells is considered as the cause of tumor formation and recurrence, indicating the importance of studying novel therapy that targets SLCCs. The origin of SLCCs is controversial because of two competing hypotheses: SLCCs are either transformed from tissue adult stem cells or dedifferentiated from transformed progenitor cells. Our previous research demonstrates that SLCCs are inducible by increasing genomic instability in cancer cells. In this study, to block the emergence of SLCCs, aminoethyl isothiourea (AET), a compound that clears free radicals and is used to protect patients from radioactive exposure, was used as an agent that maintains genomic stability in combination with mitomycin C (MMC), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that damages DNA. Using a rabbit tumor model with VX2 hepatic carcinoma, we found that MMC alone increased lung metastases and disadvantaged survival outcome, but the combination of MMC and AET reversed this effect and even prolonged overall survival. Moreover, in a VX2 xenograft model by immunocompromised mice, MMC alone enriched tumor-initiating cells, but the administration of MMC in combination with AET eliminated tumor cells effectively. Furthermore, MMC alone enhanced genomic instability, but MMC combined with AET attenuated the extent of genomic instability in primary VX2 tumor tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that the genomic protector AET can inhibit the induction of SLCCs, and this combination treatment by AET and cytotoxic agents should be considered as a promising strategy for future clinical evaluation.
关键词: rabbit VX2 liver tumor mitomycin C AET stem-like cancer cells genomic instability
Generation and repair of AID-initiated DNA lesions in B lymphocytes
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 201-216 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0324-4
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates the secondary antibody diversification process in B lymphocytes. In mammalian B cells, this process includes somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR), both of which require AID. AID induces U:G mismatch lesions in DNA that are subsequently converted into point mutations or DNA double stranded breaks during SHM/CSR. In a physiological context, AID targets immunoglobulin (Ig) loci to mediate SHM/CSR. However, recent studies reveal genome-wide access of AID to numerous non-Ig loci. Thus, AID poses a threat to the genome of B cells if AID-initiated DNA lesions cannot be properly repaired. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the specificity of AID targeting and the repair pathways responsible for processing AID-initiated DNA lesions.
关键词: class switch recombination somatic hypermutation activation-induced deaminase DNA repair genomic instability
Statistical considerations for genomic selection
Huimin KANG, Lei ZHOU, Jianfeng LIU
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期 页码 268-278 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017164
关键词: genomic estimated breeding value genomic selection linkage disequilibrium statistical methods
Combustion instability detection using the wavelet detail of pressure fluctuations
JI Junjie, LUO Yonghao
《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期 页码 116-120 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0019-0
关键词: comparison wavelet approximation pressure transducer general pressure consistent
高伟健,李伟
《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第3期 页码 109-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.010
海底不稳定性及次生海底地质灾害广泛存在于海洋之中,对海岸港口设施、海洋钻井平台、海底管道光缆等海底基础建设颇具威胁。但目前对海底不稳定性的成因机制与主控因素仍知之甚少,为加深对海底不稳定性的认识,本文回顾了海底不稳定性研究进展,梳理了海底不稳定性及次生海底地质灾害的主要类别、全球分布情况和地球物理识别特征,归纳了目前海底不稳定性研究的定量分析方法,进一步分析了其成因机制、控制因素及工程地质灾害风险,探讨了海底陆坡失稳演化过程试验模拟技术的适用范畴与技术瓶颈。最后,从海底不稳定性的致灾机理研究、多源数据智能分析和海底失稳立体监测3 个维度提出了未来海底不稳定性研究的发展方向与对策建议,以期为海底不稳定性的模拟、预测和预警等工作提供指导性建议。
GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第2期
Horticultural crops are a major source of high value nutritious food, and new improved cultivars developed through breeding are required for sustainable production in the face of abiotic and biotic stresses, and to deliver novel, premium products to consumers. However, grower confidence in the performance of new germplasm, particularly across environmental variability, is important for commercial adoption and germplasm-environment matching to optimize production.
GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK
Craig HARDNER, Satish KUMAR, Dorrie MAIN, Cameron PEACE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 页码 353-355 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021387
《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1008-8
Detection of genomic signatures for pig hairlessness using high-density SNP data
Ying SU,Yi LONG,Xinjun LIAO,Huashui AI,Zhiyan ZHANG,Bin YANG,Shijun XIAO,Jianhong TANG,Wenshui XIN,Lusheng HUANG,Jun REN,Nengshui DING
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第4期 页码 307-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014039
黄殿武,乔玲,汪时机
《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第4期 页码 50-54
采用弹性理论研究了圆柱形胶体在表面张力作用下的弹性失稳问题;利用能量泛函变分的方法导出 了发生弹性失稳的非经典边界条件,得到了失稳的判据方程。分析判据方程发现,弹性失稳与圆柱体的半径、 内禀尺度和失稳波长相关。
工程饱和介质中漩涡光的调制不稳定性 Review
D.G. Pires, N.M. Litchinitser
《工程(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第10期 页码 31-43 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.022
光束在水下环境、雾、云或生物组织等混浊介质中的传播在科学和技术中有着越来越重要的应用,包括生物成像、水下和自由空间通信技术。虽然这些应用在传统上依赖于常规的线性偏振高斯光束,但光具有许多未被发掘的自由度,如自旋角动量(SAM)和轨道角动量(OAM)。本文提出了具有“旋转”自由度的复杂光束在工程化非线性胶体介质中的非线性光-物质相互作用。利用变分法和摄动法,我们考虑了非圆柱光学涡旋、椭圆光学涡旋和高阶贝塞尔光束在时间上的积分(HOBBIT),来预测这些光束演化的动力学行为和稳定性。这些结果可应用于许多强散射环境下涉及光透射的情况。
关键词: Optical vortex Orbital angular momentum Modulation instability Turbid media
《医学前沿(英文)》 页码 889-906 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0994-x
关键词: primary central nervous system lymphoma whole-genome sequencing TMSB4X copy number variation gene mutation
Genomic variations in the counterpart normal controls of lung squamous cell carcinomas
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 页码 280-288 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0580-1
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) causes approximately 400 000 deaths each year worldwide. The occurrence of LUSC is attributed to exposure to cigarette smoke, which induces the development of numerous genomic abnormalities. However, few studies have investigated the genomic variations that occur only in normal tissues that have been similarly exposed to tobacco smoke as tumor tissues. In this study, we sequenced the whole genomes of three normal lung tissue samples and their paired adjacent squamous cell carcinomas. We then called genomic variations specific to the normal lung tissues through filtering the genomic sequence of the normal lung tissues against that of the paired tumors, the reference human genome, the dbSNP138 common germline variants, and the variations derived from sequencing artifacts. To expand these observations, the whole exome sequences of 478 counterpart normal controls (CNCs) and paired LUSCs of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were analyzed. Sixteen genomic variations were called in the three normal lung tissues. These variations were confirmed by Sanger capillary sequencing. A mean of 0.5661 exonic variations/Mb and 7.7887 altered genes per sample were identified in the CNC genome sequences of TCGA. In these CNCs, C:G→T:A transitions, which are the genomic signatures of tobacco carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, were the predominant nucleotide changes. Twenty five genes in CNCs had a variation rate that exceeded 2%, including ARSD (18.62%), MUC4 (8.79%), and RBMX (7.11%). CNC variations in CTAGE5 and USP17L7 were associated with the poor prognosis of patients with LUSC. Our results uncovered previously unreported genomic variations in CNCs, rather than LUSCs, that may be involved in the development of LUSC.
关键词: lung cancer counterpart normal control genomic variations
Underlying mechanism of the hydrothermal instability of Cu
Nadeen Al-Janabi,Abdullatif Alfutimie,Flor R. Siperstein,Xiaolei Fan
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期 页码 103-107 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1552-0
关键词: hydrothermal stability metal-organic framework (MOF) open metal sites (OMSs) dynamic water vapour adsorption
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Tumor growth and metastasis can be inhibited by maintaining genomic stability in cancer cells
null
期刊论文
Combustion instability detection using the wavelet detail of pressure fluctuations
JI Junjie, LUO Yonghao
期刊论文
GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK
Craig HARDNER, Satish KUMAR, Dorrie MAIN, Cameron PEACE
期刊论文
Topological reorganization and functional alteration of distinct genomic components in gallbladder cancer
期刊论文
Detection of genomic signatures for pig hairlessness using high-density SNP data
Ying SU,Yi LONG,Xinjun LIAO,Huashui AI,Zhiyan ZHANG,Bin YANG,Shijun XIAO,Jianhong TANG,Wenshui XIN,Lusheng HUANG,Jun REN,Nengshui DING
期刊论文
Analysis of the genomic landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing
期刊论文